Philosophical Research -- What is Political Philosophy

The following are my personal opinions

​从古至今，世界各地的智者都在思考如何去达到一个美好的生活。从这个目标作为起点，随着时间推进逐渐演化成了如何构建“理想社会”，最终成为了如今我们所说的政治哲学。 
 
假设剥夺一个人身上所有象征着文明的事物（ 社会习俗，信仰，民族，国籍，私有财产，语言知识，科学与技术等） 。人类被丢回那个古老的时代，那个与动物一样争夺生存资源的世界，人与人之间的相处会有何不同，人类的社会又会呈现出什么样的外貌呢。 这样无政府无资源的社会会产生什么问题 。以这样的假设为模板，人们应该如何为现实社会设计制度去规避不安定的因素和解决潜在的问题，这便是政治哲学。 
 
这一切推理的起点，来自于不同的哲学家对于“人性”的认知和和假设。从柏拉图的理想国开始，到亚里士多德”形而上学“，到马基雅维利的”政治无道德“到霍布斯的机械唯物主义和他的“利维坦” , 到洛克的社会契约论和《人类理解论》。可以发现一个很有趣的现象那就是随着时代的变迁，哲学家们的想法真的越来越悲观。
 
Since ancient times, wise men all over the world have been thinking about how to achieve a good life. Starting from this goal, it evolved over time into how to build an "ideal society" and eventually into what we now call a political philosophy.
 
Imagine depriving a person of everything that symbolizes civilization (social customs, beliefs, ethnicity, nationality, private property, knowledge of language, science and technology, etc.). Human beings are thrown back to that ancient time, the world that competes with animals for survival resources, how will people get along with each other, and what kind of appearance will human society present? What are the problems of a society without government or resources？With this assumption as the template, how people should design institutions for the real society to avoid unstable factors and solve potential problems. This political philosophy.
 
The starting point of all this reasoning comes from different philosophers' cognition and hypothesis of "human nature". From Plato’s Republic (Πολιτεία) to Aristotle's metaphysics (μεταφυσικά), to Machiavelli's Machiavellianism (The Prince), to Hobbes' mechanical materialism and his “Leviathan”, to Locke's social contract and his “
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding”. It's interesting to see that philosophers have become more pessimistic over time.