Record a discussion with a friend: Der Gott ist tot

上帝已死：
伊比鸠鲁强调享乐主义
他所强调的是用理性维护朴素
伊比鸠鲁吸引尼采的到底是什么
思考和生存是一致的，重视人的价值
哲学往往发端于一些令人困惑的个人问题，我们撒了谎，开始思考道德的重要性，我们被上层骂了，开始思考如何追寻快乐
生存激活了思考，而思考，又反过来使生存更有力量
伊比鸠鲁长年以来的研究，为的，是让人能在现实世界中更强而有力的生活，哲学思考来源于生活，服务于生活。哲学一词来源于古希腊文，由爱和智慧构成，意味如何更好的生活的智慧
古希腊神话的特点就是，人神同型同性，以人为中心，减弱了神和宗教的神秘与威严，宽松自由大于恐惧和敬畏
 
苏格拉底，什么事情愿意付出生命：法律，苏格拉底之死。如果一个城邦所宣布的法律判决没有效力，而是能够由个人取消和践踏，你能想象这个城邦仍可以存在下去并且不受到损害吗 （我唯一知道的东西就是什么也不知道）
但是尼采对此表示不屑
苏格拉底认为真理必须是永恒的，不变的，而人是短暂且非永恒的，所以真理是不可知的。
人们只能看到世界显现的样子，但永远看不到她真正的样子
随着时间的发展，不断会有新的东西被证实，被发现。但是在每一个可能的当下，我们都不可能知道世界真实的模样、表象和实在。作出区分，一个充满了现象的现实世界和一个位于现象背后的真实世界。哲学家们的眼光开始从现实世界转向另一个看不见却更为真实的世界。哲学家们逐渐不再关心生活中的种种问题，他们关心世界背后的世界。不再是如何快乐和更强而有力的拥抱生活，思考的过于高深是他们逃离了现实
苏格拉底说，洞穴里的人们看到的只是事物的影子，而不是影子背后真实的存在
柏拉图将其解释为生成世界和存在世界，物质世界会生存死亡最后消失，存在世界是纯粹的理念的世界，是静止和永恒的
柏拉图说过，如果我们动手画一个三角形，很难精确的画出一个完美的三角形，总是会有偏差。但我们真正要关注的，不是这些不完美的实体三角形，而是三角形这个不存在于真实世界的完美图像
 
尼采非常讨厌这些观点。他讨厌在构建一个世界的做法
二元化分使得真实世界失去了它原本的独立价值，因为有了另一个无比完美的永恒世界，而这个现实的世界就像我们徒手画出的是三角形一样，充满了不完美和不完善
人们纷纷逃往理想世界，诞生了虚无主义
人和生命的价值在虚无中被无限贬低
虚无主义潜行在西方的整个文化体系中，在一个名为基督教的宗教诞生时被带到了顶峰
尼采认为，基督教是虚无主义登峰造极的产物
他把理想世界描绘为天堂，人不在是生活的强者，而是虔诚的信徒
从伊比鸠鲁到苏格拉底到基督教，人的价值被逐渐贬低，而虚无的另一个世界杯不断的拿到台前
人们总说，彼岸高过此岸，灵魂高过肉体
他说，每一个不曾起舞的日子都是对生命的辜负
没有什么是美的，只有人是美的，在这一简单的真理上建立了全部美学，他是美学的第一真理。
你才歌颂快乐，歌颂强而有力的生命，歌颂人的价值，歌颂当下。他要把人们崇拜的高高挂在上空的太阳拉下来。他要颠覆西方传统的主流，所谓道德的主人基督教。废除所有社会定义的最高价值。重估一切价值。所以他说，上帝死了，，上帝死了，我重估了一切价值

​God is dead:
Epicurus emphasizes hedonism
What he emphasized was the use of reason to maintain simplicity
What is it about Epicurus that appeals to Nietzsche
Thinking and living are consistent, attach importance to human value
Philosophy often begins with puzzling personal questions. We tell lies, we start thinking about the importance of morality, we get yelled at, we start thinking about how to pursue happiness
Survival activates thinking, and thinking, in turn, makes life more powerful
Epicurus has been studying for years for the purpose of making people live a stronger and more powerful life in the real world. Philosophical thinking comes from life and serves life. The word philosophy comes from the ancient Greek and is made up of love and wisdom. It means wisdom on how to live better
The characteristics of ancient Greek mythology are that people and gods are homogenous and human-centered, which weakens the mystery and majesty of god and religion, and the freedom is greater than fear and awe

Socrates, what would have given his life: the law, the death of Socrates. Can you imagine that a city-state could still exist unharmed if its legal judgments were not valid but could be reversed and trampled by individuals (the only thing I know is nothing)
But Nietzsche is dismissive of this
Socrates believes that truth must be eternal and unchanging, and that man is transient and impermanent, so truth is unknowable.
People only see the world as it appears, but they never see her as she really is
As time goes on, new things will be confirmed and discovered. But in every possible present, we cannot know what the world really looks like, looks like, or is. Make a distinction between a real world full of phenomena and a real world that lies behind phenomena. Philosophers began to turn their eyes from the real world to an invisible but more real world. Philosophers gradually ceased to be concerned with the problems of life. They were concerned with the world behind the world. Instead of thinking about how to be happy and embrace life more powerfully, do they escape reality by thinking too deeply
Socrates says that people in caves see only the shadow of things, not the real existence behind the shadow
Plato explained it as the world of creation and the world of being. The material world will live and die and finally disappear. The world of being is the world of pure ideas, which is static and eternal
Plato said, if we start drawing a triangle, it's hard to draw a perfect triangle exactly, there's always going to be some deviation. But what we really want to focus on is not imperfect physical triangles, but triangles, perfect images that don't exist in the real world

Nietzsche hates these ideas very much. He hated the idea of building a world
Dualism makes the real world lose its original independent value, because there is another perfect eternal world, and this real world is full of imperfection and imperfection, just like the triangle we draw freehand
People fled to the ideal world and nihilism was born
The value of man and life is infinitely diminished in nothingness
Nihilism crept through the entire western cultural system, culminating in the birth of a religion called Christianity
For Nietzsche, Christianity is the culmination of nihilism
He described the ideal world as a paradise, where people are no longer strong in life, but devout believers
From Epicurus to Socrates to Christianity, the value of man is gradually devalued, and another World Cup of nothingness keeps coming to the front
They say the other side is higher than the other side, the soul is higher than the body
'Every day that goes by without dancing is a betrayal of life,' he said
Nothing is beautiful, only man is beautiful, on this simple truth established the whole of aesthetics, he is the first truth of aesthetics.
You sing of joy, of strong life, of the value of man, of the present. He wanted to bring down the sun, which was worshipped high above. He wants to overturn the mainstream of western tradition, the so-called master of morality, Christianity. Abolishing all social definitions of supreme value. Revalue everything. So he says, God is dead, God is dead, AND I've revalued everything